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Pacemaker Implantation: TPI/ PPI/ICD / CRT
Overview
Pacemaker implantation involves the insertion of a small electronic device to regulate the heart’s rhythm by sending electrical impulses to the heart muscle. There are different types of pacemakers, each serving specific purposes. Here are some common types:
TPI – Temporary Pacemaker Implantation
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- Purpose: Temporary pacemakers are used in emergency situations or temporarily until a permanent device can be implanted.
- Indications: They are often employed in cases of acute heart block, bradycardia (slow heart rate), or other rhythm disturbances that require immediate intervention.
- Temporary Nature: TPIs are typically not left in the body for an extended period and may be removed once the underlying issue is resolved.
PPI – Permanent Pacemaker Implantation
- Purpose: Permanent pacemakers are implanted for long-term management of bradycardia or other heart rhythm disorders.
- Indications: Permanent pacemakers are indicated when the heart’s natural pacemaker (the sinoatrial node) fails to maintain an adequate heart rate.
- Components: PPIs consist of a pulse generator (the device implanted under the skin) and leads (wires) that are threaded through veins into the heart chambers.
- Purpose: ICDs are devices that can deliver electrical shocks to the heart to restore normal rhythm in the case of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
- Indications: ICDs are commonly used in patients at risk of sudden cardiac death due to conditions such as prior ventricular arrhythmias, heart attack, or certain types of heart failure.
- Functionality: In addition to pacing functions, ICDs continuously monitor the heart’s rhythm and deliver shocks as needed.
- Purpose: CRT devices are specialized pacemakers designed to treat heart failure in patients with poor coordination between the heart’s ventricles.
- Indications: CRT is often recommended for individuals with heart failure and a specific type of intraventricular conduction delay, known as left bundle branch block.
- Functionality: CRT devices use specialized pacing techniques to improve the synchronization of contractions between the heart’s chambers, thereby enhancing overall cardiac function.
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